Dead White Males - David Williamson :: essays research papers

"Carpe Diem" In the film Dead Poets Society there is an environment created that was rigid and strict. At Welton honorary society there were four pillars of ideals that students must attain to and mention. These were excellence, honor, tradition, and discipline. A new teacher was appointed to teach English. John Keating brought with him a style that promoted the individual. This was in direct air to the four pillars of ideals. Mr. Keatings Latin saying of Carpe Diem, which meant seize the day, was something that would cause problems to arise at the academy. A few of his students would deviate from academys path. Knox Overstreet was a early days man who was attending Welton Academy. He had followed all the rules as everyone else and obeyed. However after a few of Mr. Keatings classes he changed his outlook of life. Knox had an affinity towards this girl, Chris Noel, but it was against schoolhouse policy to have women on campus during a semester. With the new saying of Car pe Diem in his mind, Knox ignored the rules and ensued after Chris. In his wooing he attended parties and even met her at her public high school. If the Headmaster found news of this, Knox would have been expelled. Despite all the consequences Know decided to seize the day and forget the whims of society to follow his dreams. Another student of John Keatings was Charles Dalton. He was more laid back than Knox but he still adhered to the academys rules and regulations. Charles was completely taken by the saying, and changed his lifestyle. At the boys illegal Dead Poets Society come acrosss in which they read aloud poetry, he brought tobacco pipes and alcohol as well as girls. As seen by his new name, Nwanda, Charlie broke free of the strict life he had to follow at Welton. He even defied the Headmaster during a meeting by interrupting his speech with a phone call from "God". Although this new behavior ultimately led to his expulsion, the life at Welton was probably not ada pted for an individual like him. Neil Perry was greatly moved by the Latin words, Carpe Diem. His set about set forth such high demands and little choice for Neil. His disciplinarian father mapped out his career and life. Neil always submitted to his father but was always left unhappy and not content with all that his father had planned and all the rules that he had to abide by.

Boundary Lines - Gender Through The Prism Of Difference Essay -- sexua

versed harassment is still not recognized today by many individuals as an actual offense. Sexual harassment was talked about and was recognized in 1976 but the law making it illegal was not passed until 10 years later in 1986. The law states that it is vile to harass a person because of their sex. Harassment can include cozy harassment or unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature. The law doesnt include simple teasing, small comments or incidents that arnt serious. But it becomes illegal when it happens more than at once and the severity of the comments makes the work environment uncomfortable. The problem today is knowing what is actually considered sexual harassment as everyone takes it differently and when comments or jokes are being taken too far. Chapter 36 discusses a study that focused on waitressing as many restaurants have an obviously sexualized workplace. The book theorises sexual attractiveness and flirtation are often institutionalized parts of a waitpersons job description. When applying for jobs many workplaces hire attractive looking women, as they believe it will attract more batch to their business. I find this to be unfair as men do not have this standard. When men apply for a job they look like a shot at the individuals skills, not what they look like. It used to be said that in addition to popularity and access to their choice of a mate, attractive pile tend to receive higher evaluations and salaries than their peers so people would then assume that it would always be an advantage to be an attractive male or womanish in the workplace. But this is not true in all cases. Newer research shows that being an attractive man was an advan... ... if you are married they will still say inappropriate comments to you, even if they know who your married to, some guys just dont care. In the end sexual harassment is not okay, especially in the workplace. Women shouldnt ha ve to feel like they are just an object at work. Womens confidence can be lowered by receiving sexual harassing comments from men. Men should be respectful during work hours, even joking around about sex during work doesnt seem appropriate if youre work around other people who could hear you. Works CitedGiuffre, Patti A., and Christine L. Williams. Boundary Lines. Gender Through The Prism Of Difference. 4th ed. New York Oxford UP, 2011. 403-17. Print.Gomez, Evangeline. Should Businesses Worry About Appearance-Based Discrimination in the Workplace? Forbes. Forbes Magazine, 31 Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.

Thigh Creams :: Media Self Image Papers

Thigh CreamsAs we approach the twenty-first century, the western world has become increasingly preoccupied with idealizing stretch women. As young women atomic number 18 socialized they are exposed to images in the news media which perpetuates the vision that thin women are happy and successful. These are the role models to which women look up to, creating increasing imperativeness to live up to such an ideal. Desperate to achieve a figure that rivals Elle Mcpherson, women are willing to pay exorbitant costs, and sacrifice, trying almost anything to look akin modern societys ideal woman.As the mediums on hand(predicate) to advertisements continue to expand so do the number of products available claiming and guarantying weight loss or firming effects. Women shell egress billions of dollars each year hoping that one of these miracle products will finally render them thin, after all thin is beautiful, right? However, a woman can be thin and still have cellulite, so does this mean t hat she is not beautiful? The media has taught women that cellulite is a lifelong battle that must be waged. If Cindy Crawford, Claudia Schiffer, and Rachel Hunter certainly dont have cellulite, why should the average American woman? So we are given a plethora of products to chose from which promise to make us all super models. So what is the problem? It is highly unlikely that none of the super models have cellulite, as it is an affliction which is common to women of all weight ranges. Also, super models have an advantage that the rest of us do not, their photographs may be digitally enhanced to reduce something as unsightly as cellulite. The cosmetic industry has jumped on the opportunity to profit from women who grok their bodies to be inadequate or at the very least, less than ideal. If these products were not hot sellers than there would not be such a variety available on the market.As a woman who has fallen prey to societal pressures and purchased two different miracle thigh creams, I was wondering do these creams work for others so far though I, personally, didnt find much of a difference? After all a picture says a thousand words, and everyone has seen those advertisements with the before and after pictures, why hadnt I achieved such results? I was then given the motivation I needed to find out the answer when I was given an assignment to research the claims of a health product.

Reverend Ambrose and Grant Wiggins in A Lesson Before Dying Essays

Suffering through the horrors of racism, color Americans appear to shoot no chance of progression in society. Generation after generation of being unstudied and treated like animals has left the black community in shambles, and thinking they are not as good as the whites. In the 1940s it was difficult to generate a black man who could read and write. The black mans illiteracy caused them to believe that they were less civilized than the whites. In Ernest Gaines A Lesson Before Dying, we are introduced to Jefferson, an uneducated, average black man who has been wrongly accused of a murder. Convinced that he is an animal, Jefferson is going to be taught by Reverend Ambrose and Grant Wiggins, the plantation schoolteacher, that he is actually a man. Because Reverend Ambrose, and Grant Wiggins have such different teaching beliefs and personalities, they approach teaching Jefferson with conflicting views. Reverend Ambrose and Grant Wiggins have very different educational backgrounds, which causes them to become foils for each other. Grant Wiggins is a very important man in the black community, because he is the only one with a college education. Many whites have not received this high of an education, and are offended by his intelligence. Reverend Ambrose, a man who has received very little formal education, is ignorant compared to Grant. Ambrose, the ghostlike leader of the black community, has been educated in the world of faith and religion. When reverend Ambrose says in a verbal confrontation with Grant, Im the one thats educated.(Gaines 215 ), we are able to curb that he thinks his knowledge of faith is more important than Grants reading, riting, and rithmatic. Grant and Reverend Ambrose represent the ... ...being like a child finally resolves Grant and Ambroses battle, for Jefferson is perceptive to Grants corporal form of teaching, but not to Ambroses teaching of religion. Jefferson uses the teachings of Grant, and dies like a dignified man. He sho ws the white people that blacks are humans, by living the last weeks of his conduct as a civilized man. Even though this story was fictional, the racism described in it was frighteningly true, and still is evident in the world today. just now in the 1960s would the black state finally band together and say weve had enough. The problem of racism cannot be resolved by one person, it requires an entire population to see it and stop it. I dont know if they got a heaven cause samson say they cant be an boo say they aint non fo no niger but reven ambros say they is one for all an bok dont know.(Gaines 233)

Privacy In Demand Essay -- essays research papers

Like most countries and especially the United States their inhabitants enjoy a certain level of privacy. heap dont generally want intimate development to be accessible to the public eye. In fact many people go to great(p) lengths to hide everything close themselves. What exactly is the definition of privacy? Well, privacy is the expectation that confidential ad hominem information disclosed in a private move will not be disclosed to third divergeies, when that disclosure would cause either embarassment or emotional distress to a person of reasonable sensitivities. This information includes facts, images (ex photographs and videotapes), and disparaging opinions. When over zealous law enforcement officials demand access to telephone conversations, e-mail or other electronic communication they are violating the unwritten order of privacy. When organizations from the private sector purchase intimate information about medical records either for commercial purposes, or to challeng e your insurance eligibility or employment suitability. Unfortunatly this is a common practice in the United States and it is wrong.First of all, what does the presidential term do to secure this private information? The answer is very little. There are bascially twain different laws that effect privacy. These two laws are the Privacy Act of 1974 and the Freedom of Information act. At a first inspection the two laws seem to operation against each other. In short the Privacy Act of 1974 keeps information in government records concerning individuals discreet. The Privacy Act of 1974 gives the individual the rights to see and copy files that the federal government maintains on him or her. It also gives the right to know who else has access to that information, and to request a change to any information that is not accurate. The most important part of this law is the fact that the government is not allowed to use any information for any purpose other than the one for which it was ini tially collected. This is important and will be addressed later on.The Freedom of Information Act is used mostly to pry open government files. It was designed to help individuals obtain information about the actions of government. The law proclaims that any citizen is to be given access to government records unless the disclosure involves litigation, the CIA, personal m... ... license from every state. Basically this states that a mugshot data bagful will be give rised by virtually all non-criminals. This is a violation of privacy. When the DMV issued the drivers license there was never any intent to create a mugshot from the information on the card. In 1992 The DPPA(Federal Drivers Privacy Protection Act) was created to make a nation mugshot database. This act authorized the sale of drivers names, addresses, birthdates, social security numbers, drivers license numbers, digital signatures, and digital photographs to private companies for the purpose of making a registry of ident ifying information. Fortunatly, this act was command unconstitutional for it was in violation of the tenth amendment. However, before this act was ruled unconstitutional the state of South Carolina sold the complete contents of it drivers license information for a mere five thousand dollars. Now with the introduction of the internet it is becoming increasingly difficult to control the publication of personal and private information. Any information that is collected should not be used for any other purpose except for what it was originally accepted.

Privacy In Demand Essay -- essays research papers

Like most countries and especially the United States their inhabitants enjoy a certain level of privacy. People dont generally want intimate information to be accessible to the public eye. In f issue galore(postnominal) people go to great lengths to hide e very(prenominal)thing about themselves. What exactly is the definition of privacy? Well, privacy is the expectation that confidential personal information disclosed in a private place will non be disclosed to third parties, when that disclosure would cause either embarassment or emotional distress to a person of reasonable sensitivities. This information includes facts, images (ex photographs and videotapes), and disparaging opinions. When over zealous law enforcement officials demand access to telephone conversations, e-mail or other electronic talk they are violating the unwritten code of privacy. When organizations from the private sector purchase intimate information about medical records either for commercial purposes, or to challenge your damages eligibility or employment suitability. Unfortunatly this is a common practice in the United States and it is wrong.First of all, what does the government do to secure this private information? The answer is very little. There are bascially two different laws that effect privacy. These two laws are the Privacy Act of 1974 and the Freedom of Information act. At a first follow-up the two laws watch outm to work against each other. In short the Privacy Act of 1974 keeps information in government records concerning individuals discreet. The Privacy Act of 1974 gives the individual the rights to see and copy files that the federal government maintains on him or her. It also gives the right to know who else has access to that information, and to request a change to any information that is not accurate. The most important part of this law is the fact that the government is not allowed to use any information for any purpose other than the one for which it was ab initio collected. This is important and will be addressed later on.The Freedom of Information Act is used mostly to pry open government files. It was designed to overhaul individuals obtain information about the actions of government. The law proclaims that any citizen is to be given access to government records unless the disclosure involves litigation, the CIA, personal m... ... license from every state. Basically this states that a mugshot data base will be created by virtually all non-criminals. This is a violation of privacy. When the DMV issued the drivers license there was never any intent to create a mugshot from the information on the card. In 1992 The DPPA(Federal Drivers Privacy Protection Act) was created to make a nation mugshot database. This act authorized the sale of drivers names, addresses, birthdates, social security numbers, drivers license numbers, digital signatures, and digital photographs to private companies for the purpose of making a registry of identif ying information. Fortunatly, this act was ruled unconstitutional for it was in violation of the tenth amendment. However, before this act was ruled unconstitutional the state of South Carolina sold the set down contents of it drivers license information for a mere five thousand dollars. Now with the introduction of the internet it is becoming increasingly fractious to control the publication of personal and private information. Any information that is collected should not be used for any other purpose except for what it was primarily accepted.

Festival “Woodstock Essay

IntroductionThe colorful history of the human services agency is attached to a famous event in Americas history. There was a festival in 1969, and this festival was called Woodstock. The once quiet little town of Woodstock was becoming engulfed with young people quiescence on benches in the towns well known green. People hitchhiking in and come out of the closet of town, camping in parking lots and seeking out food and clothing. One member of the town, Gail Varsi realized that in that respect was a problem. Ms. Varsi opened her home and her phone line to these people. The famous Family of Woodstock Hotline still has the same number that was Ms. Varsis home telephone number in 1969. Along with the help of local businesses, clergy, and residents, Ms. Varsi organized food drives, clothing exchanges and transportation back to where the young people came from. These are the roots of Family of Woodstock Inc. Today, the agency services all of Ulster County, organizing classs such as th e only domestic violence shelter in the county, a teen bearaway shelter, some(prenominal) homeless shelters, several walk-in centers(still providing a free store and a food pantry) and case management services for adults and adolescents.Family of Woodstock was born when a community take in was recognized and addressed continuing in this line of thinking was the reasoning for the MidWay Program. Many young people, although adults at the age of 18, were unable to live individually and did not have the skills necessary to maintain a manageable life style. Young people who were not technically runaways, but were homeless due to many another(prenominal) circumstances some were victims of domestic violence, sexual assault in their homes, some had parents who were unable to provide for them due to financial restraints, substance abuse issues, incarceration, and some reasonable did not have anywhere to go. Many fell through the cracks, before the early 90s when divorce became common p lace, opening the door for the late concept of the blendedfamily and many of these kids became unwanted as younger children. These kids were the basis for MidWay. The Kingston House was the direct for the original MidWay.Family of Woodstock Inc. owns the house where the plan stands in a small residential neighborhood, close to the center of the small city. The Ellenville site exists in the small, rural village of Ellenville, also in a quiet neighborhood. They are site homes to 6 adolescents, ranging from 16-20. The program is co-ed, and manages three parenting teens in each program. The length of stay in the program is 18 months, or up to 24 months if the client enters the program at age 16 in order to allow them to complete high school while in the program. There are staff members in the program 24 hours a day. The case managers are there from 9 to 5 and are available for consultation, transportation, assistance with appointments and referrals. Life Skill Managers are there from 430 to 930, for assistance with imperative daily living skills, like budgeting, laundry, grocery shopping, and other skills such as communication and relationship building.The nightlong shift starts at 900pm and ends in the morning. There is only one staff member on at a time, which they are referred to as a cross over, where the staff leaving the program provide the staff coming on the shift with a summary of events that took place on the previous shift. Clients current into the program are referred to local service providers for mental health and substance abuse counseling. The clients program serves as high need and may not be able to live independently. The residents sign and receive a contract upon entry of the program. Their status is tracked and discussed in a bi-weekly case conference with all of the program staff, program director, and mental health consultant to communicate the events of the program from the previous week.If a resident is doing poorly, he/she schedules a meeting with the program director to locate whether or not he/she will remain in the program. The residents are expected to maintain their house they have evening chores, checked nightly by the two residential counselors of the program. They are responsible for the condition of their rooms. They are assisted in grocery shopping, but cook their own meals, often together because of the home-like environment the program strives to create.The residents also create schedules, crafted for every individual with his/her specific needs in mind with the help of the case manager. Schedules are developed to occupy xl hours a week ofresidents time that contains work, school (sometimes college, high school, or GED course)substance abuse and mental health treatment, or any combination of these. In Conclusion, the programs are run with the assumption that the staff and the program are performing the roles that parents would take in a flushed family atmosphere. The program as an opportunity fo r the residents to experience a healthy and supportive family environment.

CIPD Assignment Submission Declaration Essay

Candidate declarationI confirm that the work/evidence presented for assessment is my accept unaided work.I pick up read the assessment regulations and visualise that if I am found to take away copied from published work without acknowledgement, or from other stick outdidates work, this may be regarded as plagiarism which is an offence against the assessment regulations and leads to failure in the relevant unitand formal disciplinary action.I confirm that 75% of this entrance comprises my own written work, in my own words.I decl are that the word count limit includes all aspects of my written submission. I agree that title/contents page, references/bibliography are the only part of the submission that do not form part of the word-count I also agree that if my assessment is +/ 10% of the word count the assessment will returned with the appropriate advice to tailor/ improver the word count, which may delay assessment feedback come outing the submission.I agree to this work be ing subjected to scrutiny by textual analysis software program if inevitable.I go through that my work may be used for future academic/quality assurance personas in accordance with the provisions of the Data guard Act 1998.I understand that the work/evidence submitted for assessment may not be returned to me and that I have retained a copy for my records.I understand that until much(prenominal) time as the assessment grade has been ratified through internal and external quality assurance processes it is not final.Name(typed) Lucianne Powell epoch1/12/141. condone at least 2 purposes of capital punishment instruction and its consanguinity to business objectives One purpose of military operation management is to enhance and maintain a high level of individual and employee military operation so an organisation green goddess perform at its best. It is essential that employees are befittingly managed so they can work to their extensive potential and understand what is exp ected of them. Another purpose of performance management is to motivate and engage employees. Employees should feel abstruse with this process by contributing to the organisations future direction and path.The much involved employees are means the more motivated employees will be to want to pay back themselves in stead their roles. The benefit of motivating and engaging staff is that this will step-up commitment to the organisation and decrease retention. In conclusion to these two purposes, if all employees are kept motivated and supportd to work to their best abilities, it will upshot in individuals come across their targets and sharing aims that are aligned to the overall business objectives. 2. divulge three comp iodinents of performance management brasss 1) Performance appraisal The purpose of the appraisal is to review performance over a fixed period of time and deal future development.This should be a two way argueion and should not involve any surprises to the e mployee. 2) Delivering feedback Feedback is a vital part of a performance management system. It is important that an employee is given appropriate feedback that is open and transparent as this will identify part of the employees future development and training needs. Positive feedback should also be told to the employee as a way of recognising their good performance and keeping the employee motivated. 3) Managing under performance Employees that are under performing need to be managed in an efficient way so they can clearly understand what they need to improve on in a certain period of time. This can be through with(p) by setting clear objectives and communicating a deadline that the objectives need to be met at. These objectives should both be mutually agreed by both parties.3. Explain the relationship between motivation and performance management, referring to at least two motivational theories. Motivation and performance management are very closely linked indoors an organis ation. Motivation is established by the setting of incentives. We are all motivated from believing that if we take on certain behaviours, a recompense will follow after. The more motivated and incentivised an individual is, the more likely they are to take a discretionary set up in their work by going above and beyond what is already expected of them. These extra efforts would certainly have apositive impact on the revenue, retention and status of an organisation. One theorist that supports this doctrine is Vroom. Vrooms expectancy theory assumes that an individual will decide to behave or act in a certain way as it will lead them to a desired outcome of what they are wanting.According to Vroom, an individuals level of motivation depends on the three by-line beliefs expectation is the perception on if we put more of an effort in our work it will lead to increased performance. An employee must(prenominal) be confident that their efforts will result in better productivity and they have the ability to perform their work t intercommunicates well. Instrumentality is the belief that our actions will lead to a desired outcome. An employee must be confident that such increased performance with result in them achieving the desired wages or outcome. Valence is how much the individual values the expected outcome. For example, if mortal is mainly motivated by money, they may not value the benefits of add togetheritional time off. Each individual will have opposite motivations at different points in time. A successful organisation needs to take into consideration the different motivational factors for each of its employees so that they can develop, increase and maintain motivation.Whilst fee and promotion are very obvious motivations, we also know that employees are motivated by other intangible factors such as having a touch modality of belonging and personal growth. Abraham Maslow dis bosomed a great way of structuring the motivation at different points in time. Maslow believed that individuals are motivated by their needs and when one need is fulfill, an individual will strive to fulfil the beside one. Maslow created a hierarchy of needs pyramid. Maslow believed that if the deficiency needs arent fulfilled, individuals will not be equal to move up to the more complex growth needs and therefore this will have an effect on their development. Maslows theory can be applied in the workplace but it is the managers responsibility to effectively identify each of its employees needs and know when they have fulfilled each one. For example, safety needs could mean a safe working condition to reduce stress and anxiety for an employee.4. Identify two purposes of reward within a performance management system. One purpose of reward within a performance management system is to attract and retain good employers. scurvy turnover and employee retention bringbenefits to an employer as it spends less time hiring and training new workers. Competivenes s between organisations in the job market is always increasing so any organisation that develops a reputation as cheap is unlikely to be desirable as potential employees will assume it does not reward effort fairly. Another purpose of reward within a performance management system is to motivate employees to be flexible and perform to the fullest extent of their capabilities. Although motivation has to come from within, reward can be used to encourage employees to go above and beyond in their roles. Reward can only motivate employees if the reward is attractive to the employee and the employee knows that the level of performance is achievable to them.5. Describe at least 3 components of a reward system, 1 of which should be non-financial. A reward system is built up of the financial and non-financial components that are raised to employees in ex switch for their time, talents, and efforts. Financial rewards are all rewards that have a monetary value and will add up to the get along remuneration of an employee. Non-financial rewards are those which focus on the physiological needs employees have such as appreciation, influence and personal growth. Three trace components of a reward system areRecognition is awarding the employees who go above and beyond in their roles and behave in a way that is in line with the organisations business strategy. This will increase employee satisfaction by making employees feel more appreciated and invested in. several(prenominal) examples of these rewards in the workplace are employee of the course awards, appreciation luncheons, long service awards and recognition programmes. Benefits A benefits package is provided in addition to an employees total remuneration and form part of the total rewards package. These special elements can include a pension, sick pay, private healthcare, life assurance, childcare vouchers and annual leave. An organisation should carefully consider and maintain what benefits it is going to have as e ach employee will have difference needs and circumstances. Developmental opportunities A manager should acknowledge its employees developmental areas and should therefore offer the employee ways of mastering that area. Some examples of learning opportunities withinworkplaces are coaching, mentoring, on the job training and attending courses or seminars.6. Explain the factors that should be considered with managing good and poor performance. Managing performance should be a continuous process that aims to improve an individual/organisational performance. It is a way of measuring what an employee contributes to the goals of their aggroups and the business as a whole. When managing performance we must consider the following factors Employees must be able to understand their objectives and know what they need to do in order to meet them. Objectives are usually agreed at the start of a course so the individual can start the year knowing what they need to achieve and can then be review ed at the end of the year. Agreeing the objectives should be a two way discussion between the line manager and employee. An effective objective should be achievable but challenging, it should be relevant to the division and business, should be easily measurable and it should have a timeframe of when it needs to be achieved. It is important that an employee receives unbendable feedback when it comes to managing performance.Feedback needs to be given to employees so they can understand how they are progressing and what they need to improve on. Feedback shouldnt have any mix messages. If improvements need to be made to an employees performance, the constructive feedback should be given in a timely and effective manner so the employee can soon think of solutions. It is important to focus on the resources that the employee uses within their role as this could be having an effect on their performance. A manager should listen and address any issues that an employee may have but the mana ger needs to be sure that these issues are substantial as employees can oftentimes blame external sources before admitting their own fault. When managing poor performance, a manager should identify what is causing the employee to underperform they should do this by addressing the underperformance with the employee in one to one meetings.Managers need to be trained in handling difficult conversations and need to feel confident in handling any sensitive conversations. It is important that a manager provides the relevant support as it will stand by the underperforming employee understand the opportunities for improving their performance and taking the necessary action. Organisations often manage poor performance formally through aperformance improvement plan (PIP). The PIP should be closely monitored and should set out the following The performance problemThe time measure for achieving this improvementA review dateSpecify possible consequences if performance standards are not met An y training that the employer will provide to assist the employee.7. Describe at least 2 items of entropy, including 1 external to the organisation. There are many integral documents to a performance review. Documentation helps to organise a performance review and give clear guidelines of what needs to be covered during the meeting. An item of data that can be used internally is a self-appraisal. A self-appraisal forms part of an employees performance review. The self-appraisal influences an individual to reflect on their performance and as a result they are more aware of their behaviour and actions which have had a consequence on their performance. The self-appraisal should give examples of what the employee believe they have done well in the past year and what they think they can improve on in the future. A manager and employee will use the self-appraisal to form the basis of discussion during the meeting.A job description can be used as a way of measuring performance as the desc ription provides a useful guide as to what is expected of an employee. The job description can cover the core competencies that the employee is required to be fulfilling. Visualising these competencies will help a line manager to determine how an employee is performing and what their developmental needs are. An external form of data that can be used is gathering external feedback. This is a process when an employee will ask its customers for feedback usually through use of a questionnaire. This can help determine whether an employee is meeting their objectives. The benefit of gathering external feedback is that it takes into consideration other peoples views and therefore is viewed to be more objective and valid. The disadvantage of external feedback is it can be very costly and has over-reliance on technology. 8. Explain the frequency, purpose and process of performance review. Performance reviews usually take place twice a year in the form of a mid-year review and then an annual review which would take place at the end of a financial year.The purpose of a performance review is to provide employees with feedback on their performance The review should take place in a private and comfortable room away from any disruptions. The line manager should start the meeting off by explaining its purpose and what they will be discussing. The line manager would usually open up discussion by asking how the employee has felt the past 6 months or year has gone for them and discuss if the employee has effectively met their objectives. If an employee has completed a self-appraisal before the meeting, this can also form the basis for a discussion. Its important to talk about any developmental areas for the employee and suggest ways on how this could be tackled.Managers should discuss any feedback that had been gathered on the employee and its important to discuss any developmental areas for the employee with suggestive ways on how this can be tackled. If there had been regular catch ups, the employee should have an idea of how the year has gone and therefore, nothing should come as a big surprise. Managers should encourage employees to suggest their own objectives for the coming year and any plans that are agreed should be noted on the appraisal form. An organisation with performance related pay would have a rating scale which shows the level of performance an employee has reached. The employee should be told of their decided rating in their review with what their salary increase and bonus payment will be.CHRP/CLDP sound judgmentSupporting intelligent Practice in Performance and Reward Management (3PRM) Ref No F306A Version 2 June 2012Student chance onCRITERIAMET/ NOT YET METCOMMENTSLO1 Be able to explain the link between organisational success, performance management and motivation (Activity 1) 1 Describe the purpose of performance management and its relationship to business objectives.2 Explain the components of performance management systems3 Expl ain the relationship between motivation and performance managementLO2 Be able to explain the relationship between performance management and reward (Activity 1) 1 Explain the purpose of reward within a performance management system2.2 Identify and explain the components of an effective total reward systemLO3 Be able to contribute to effective performance and reward management in the workplace (Activity 1) 3.1 Identify and explain the factors that need to be considered when managing performance.3.2 Describe the data required by individuals involved in performance and reward management processes.LO4 Be able to conduct and reflect upon a performance review (Activities 1 & 2) 4.1 Explain the frequency, purpose and process of performance review.4.2 Conduct a performance review meeting.4.3 Reflect on the outcomes of the performance reviewASSESSMENT OUTCOMEStudents should please note that the above Assessment Outcome for this Unit is provisional and is subject to Internal Acacia Learning v erification (IV) and external CIPD Verification (EV). nurtures signature DateBOTOX UK LTDPERFORMANCE REVIEW FORMDate of Review 11 November 2014 Period Covered 1 May 2014 1 November 2014 Name of Manager Lucianne Powell Name of employee Becki Thomas Job Role of Employee Sales Consultant1. Summary of discussion on performance over the plump sixer months Becki and I discussed the areas of her job that she has performed well in the finish 6 months and the areas of her job that she would like to develop and improve on. Becki has mainly felt that the last 6 months could have been better for her in regards to her sales targets but we have discussed the ways in which this can be overcome and Becki is very motivated in doing anything she can to increase her sales so I have every faith in her that she will.2. The quality of the work provided, recording areas that have gone well and those where improvement is required Becki has shown herself to be a great team player which is one of the ma in attributes to becoming successful here at Botox. Becki always actively contributes to and supports her team and the team find Becki great to work with. Customers have given very positive feedback on Becki to say that they have all found her very pleasant on the phone and can fully trust that she will complete a task that she is given which is brilliant. Beckis sales targets have dipped in the last 6 months and this has been very concerning for the Management team. As time goes on, Becki will need to continue to build up relationships with different clients and this will increase her sales.3. Record performance against targets set and in those cases where they have not been met, record the reasons given and your views on these Objective 1) Increase number of sales by 50% over the next 6 months. Becki has not met this objective but we have discussed the reasons why she has not met this. Becki has been going through a difficult time at home the last few months and this has been affe cting her work. I have agreed that this can be an on-going objective for Becki and we will have regular catch ups to discuss if Beckis sales targets areincreasing. Objective 2) Build up client relationships by attending more networking opportunities. Becki has met this objective by successfully attending the networking events and I have witnessed her actively socialising to potential clients. This is an excellent opportunity for Becki to gain more sales in the coming future.4. Outline agreed actions to overcome any shortfall against targets including such factors as training and development needs, equipment needs or medical supportActions by line managerActions by employeeTo arrange a temporary change to Beckis hours of work and regularly meet with Becki to discuss if the working arrangement is working and agree on a date for the Becki to go back to her full time hours. Once Beckis hours are temporarily changed, she will need to make it to work on time every day and start to increas e her sales. To arrange for Becki to go on a sales course and request her feedback on the course. To attend the sales course. This should hopefully get Becki back into the swing of selling.5. show whether a performance related bonus should be made at current rates. (In circumstances where the full target has not been met a case must be made before any partial bonus payment can be paid, with reasons provided for that recommendation) I have taken into consideration that Becki has been through a difficult time recently at home and I know that when focussed Becki is fully capable of reaching the desired sales targets so I have agreed to award Becki with a bonus of 500. I hope that once her childcare is in place, she can then become more focussed on increasing her sales.SignedEmployee Becki Thomas Date 11 November 2014 Line Manager Lucianne Powell Date 11 November 2014OBSERVATION RECORD 3PRMCandidates name Lucianne Powell Observation Assessment PASSUnit 3PRM Learning Outcome No 4Be ab le to conduct and reflect upon a performance review.Skills requiredAssessor feedback to be completed by the assessor with notes to support the decisionIdentify purposeInformative account given to Becki at the start of the meeting re its purpose and what you planned to cover during the course of the discussionPlan meeting6. aims and objectives7. questions8. roles/resources9. structure.Your supporting notes demonstrated that you had spent some time preparing for the meeting and it followed a logical path. Key elements of a review meeting were addressed e.g. reviewing performance, setting objectives and bonus payment considerations,Prepare suitable environment.Used the table and sat side by side to each other/the table. Both parties appeared comfortable with this arrangementOpen meeting appropriatelyintroductionsaims and objectives.A little bit programmed /scripted at first with an over-reliance on yournotes, but once you settled into the role and nerves were dispelled your discussion became much more natural. You let Becki know the format of the meeting and that notes would be taken and that she would be able to see them good.Establish rapport and put candidate at ease.Your personable style and empathetic manner helped to establish a rapport and relax the interviewee. Plenty of positive strokes telling her how much she was valued as an employee and giving her the positive feedback received from her colleagues /customers all helped to make for congenial discussion and for her to feel supported goodUse appropriate questioning techniquesopen questionsclarifying.Open questions were used to encourage Becki to talk and reflect I particularly wish your question asking for her thoughts on where she had performed well this helped to ensure the discussion did not just focus on her immediate personal problems well done falsify meeting without dominating.You adopted the manager role by setting the scene, keeping the meeting focused and controlling its structure but th is was all done in a collaborative and non-threatening manner.Communicate (listening and speaking) effectively with candidate, using appropriate body language. Good listening skills evidenced, lots of head nodding, eye contact made to encourage Becki to talk and to show you were interested your body posture was open and non-threatening. You gave lots of motivational and supportive comments which certainly helped to show Becki that she was appreciated and supported. Very helpful and unforced to meet her needs although in the real world, a line manager may not be so accommodatingInvite, and deal with, candidate questions.Invited Becki to ask questions and self-reflect responded to thesethoughtfully and constructivelyIdentify any development needs and actions.Learning and development needs were touched upon but not explored fully a more detailed discussion would need to take place regarding the sales course and her longer term career ambitions once she was back on track. apprise as king the reviewee if they had any objectives to bring to the table before outlining yoursConclusion and summaryA clear account given of actions going forward and kindly intercommunicate that she would get 500 bonus even though sales had dipped nice touchConduct meeting within legal and ethical requirements. statutory and ethical considerations were duly adhered to.Advise to take notes during the meeting doubt you would not remember all the key points without them

Public Enterprises Essay

What atomic number 18 the Objectives of national Enterprises? SOUMYA SINGH In India, public enterprises have been assigned the task of realising the objectives laid down in the Directive Principles of State Policy. familiar celestial sphere as a whole seeks (a) to gain control of the commanding heights of the economy, (b) to promote critical development in terms of amicable gain or strategic value rather than on consideration of profit, and (c) to provide commercial surplus with which to finance further frugal development. The main objectives of public enterprises in India are as follows 1. Economic development unrestricted enterprises were set up to accelerate the rate of economic growth in a planned manner. These enterprises have created a sound industrial base for rapid industrialisation of the country. They are expect to provide infrastructure facilities for promoting balanced and change economic structure of development. 2. Self-reliance Another aim of public enterprises is to promote self-reliance in strategic sectors of the national economy. For this purpose, public enterprises have been set up in transportation, communication, energy, petro-chemicals, and other key and basic industries. . Development of backward Areas Several public enterprises were established in backward areas to reduce regional imbalances in development. match development of different parts of the country is necessary for hearty as well as strategic reasons. 4. Employment generation Unemployment has be perform a austere trouble in India. humanity enterprises seek to offer gainful employment to millions. In order to protect jobs, several sick units in the private sector have been nationalised. 5. Economic surplus mankind enterprises seek to generate and mobilise surplus for reinvestment.These enterprises earn money and mobilise public savings for industrial development. 6. egalitarian society An important objective of public enterprises is to prevent concentration of ec onomic power and growth of private monopolies. Public sector helps the presidential term to enforce social control on trade and industry for ensuring equitable distribution of goods and services. Public enterprises protect and promote small scale industries. 7. Consumer eudaimonia Public enterprises seek to protect consumers from exploitation and profiteering by ensuring supply of essential commodities at cheaper prices.They aim at stabilising prices. 8. Public utilities Private sector is guided by profit motive. Therefore, it is antipathetical to invest money in public utility services like water supply, gas, electricity, public transport. Therefore, the Government has to assume responsibility for providing such services. 9. Defence Government has to set up public enterprises for issue of defence equipment. Supply of such equipment cannot be entrusted for private sector due to the need for utmost secrecy. 10. Labour upbeat Public enterprises serve as model employers.They ensur e welfare and social security of employees. Many public enterprises have genuine townships, schools, college and hospitals for their workers. Role and Rationale of Public Enterprises The public sector has been playing a vital role in the economic development of the country. In fact the public sector has come to shack such an important place in our economy that on its effective performance depends largely the achievement of the countrys economic and social goals. Public sector is considered a powerful engine of economic development and an important instrument of self-reliance.The main contributions of public enterprises to the countrys economy may be described as follows 1. Filling of gaps At the time of independence, there existed serious gaps in the industrial structure of the country, particularly in the field of heavy industries. raw material and key industries require huge capital investment, involve considerable risk and suffer from long gestation periods. Private sector con cerns do not come forward to establish such industries. Public sector has helped to fill up these gaps. The basic infrastructure required for rapid industrialisation has been built up, through the production of strategic capital goods.The public sector has considerably widened the industrial base of the country and speeded up the pace of industrialisation. 2. Employment Public sector has created millions of jobs to tackle the unemployment problem in the country. Public sector accounts for about two-third of the total employment in the organised industrial sector in India. By taking over numerous sick units, the public sector has protected the employment of millions. Public sector has also contributed a lot towards the improvement of working and living conditions of workers by constituent as a model employer. 3. Balanced regional developmentPrivate industries tend to concentrate in certain regions while other regions remain backward. Public sector undertakings have located their pl ants in backward and untraded parts of the country. These areas lacked basic industrial and civic facilities like electricity, water supply, township and manpower. Public enterprises have developed these facilities thereby bringing about complete transformation in the social-economic life of the people in these regions. Steel plants of Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur fertilizer factory at Sindri, machine slit plants in Rajasthan, precision instruments plants in Kerala and Rajasthan, etc. are a few ex adenineles of the development of backward regions by the public sector. 4. Optimum utilisation of resources Public enterprises influence fracture utilisation of scarce resources of the country. They are big in size and able to bonk the benefits of large scale operations. They help to eliminate uneconomic achievement and ensure full use of installed capacity. Optimum utilisation of resources results in better and cheaper production. 5. Mobilisation of surplus The profits earned by pu blic enterprises are reinvested for deoxyadenosine monophosphatelification and diversification. Moreover, public sector concerns like banks and financial nstitutions mobilise scattered public savings thereby helping the process of capital formation in the country. Public enterprises earn considerable foreign exchange through exports. 6. Self reliance Public enterprises have reduced considerably the need for imports by producing new and better products within the country. These enterprises are also earning considerable amount of foreign exchange through exports. 7. Socialistic pattern of society Public sector is an instrument for realising social objectives. Public enterprises help to check concentration of wealth and private monopolies.These enterprises can serve as powerful means of economic and social change. 8. Public welfare Public enterprises help in the establishment of a welfare state in the country. These enterprises supply essential commodities at cheaper rates. A proper balance between demand and supply is created to protect consumers against exploitation by profit hungry businessmen. Public enterprises also protect and promote the interests of workers. Criticism of Public Enterprises Arguments against Public Enterprises Public enterprises are opposed on account of weaknesses in their organisation and working.These enterprises generally suffer from the following problems 1. Delay in completion Often a actually long time is taken in the establishment and completion of public enterprises. Delay in completion leads to increase in the cost of establishment and benefits extracted from them are delayed. 2. Faulty evaluation Public enterprises are in some cases set upon political considerations. There is no proper evaluation of demand and supply and expected costs and benefits. There are no clear cut objectives and guidelines. In the absence of proper project planning there is under- utilisation of capacity and wastage of national resources. . Heavy over head costs Public enterprises often spend huge amounts on providing housing and other amenities to employees. Though such investment is reusable for employees but it takes away a large part of capital and the project suffers from financial difficulties. 4. Poor returns Majority of the public enterprises in India are incurring loss. In some of them the profits earned do not yield a reasonable return on huge investment. Lack of effective financial controls, wasteful expenditure and dogmatic pricing policy result in losses 5. Inefficient managementDue to excessive centralisation of authority and lack of demand public enterprises are managed inefficiently. High level provides are often occupied by persons lacking necessary expertise but enjoying political support. 6. Political interposition There is frequent interference from politicians and civil servants in the working of public enterprises. Such interference leaves little scope for initiative and freedom of action. Public enterpr ises enjoy little autonomy and flexibility of operations. 7. Labour problems In the absence of proper manpower planning public enterprises suffer from over-staffing.Jobs are created to fulfil employment goals of the Government. countenance of job in these enterprises encourages trade unions to be militant in pursuing their aims. Growth of Public Enterprises in India At the time of independence, public sector in India was confined mainly to railways, communications, defence production and public utility services. Since then the growth of public enterprises has been very rapid. Now public sector consists of public utilities (e. g. , railways, post and telegraph, etc), manufacturing concerns (e. g. , BHEL, SAIL, etc. ), trading organisations (e. g. STC, MMTC, etc. ), service organisations (e. g. , NIDC, RITES, etc. ). SAIL, a Maharatna Company of Govt. of India, is the worlds leading and Indias largest steel producer with an annual swage of around Rs. 50,348 crore (FY11-12). It operat es and owns 5 integrated steel plants at Rourkela, Bhilai, Durgapur, Bokaro and Burnpur and 3 special steel plants at Salem, Durgapur and Bhadravati. As part of its global ambition the Company is implementing a massive expansion plan involving project work of building/adding new facilites with emphasis on state of the art green technology.List of Maharatna, Navratna and Miniratna CPSEs As per obtainable information (as on February, 2013) Maharatna CPSEs Bharat Heavy Electricals special Coal India modified GAIL (India) curb Indian Oil potty peculiar(a) NTPC hold Oil & group A indispensable Gas Corporation Limited Steel billet of India Limited Navratna CPSEs Bharat Electronics Limited Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited Hindustan Aeronautics Limited Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited National Aluminium Company Limited NMDC Limited Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited Oil India LimitedPower Finance Corporation Limited Power Grid Corporati on of India Limited Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited Rural Electrification Corporation Limited Shipping Corporation of India Limited Miniratna Category I CPSEs Airports Authority of India Antrix Corporation Limited Balmer Lawrie & Co. Limited Bharat Dynamics Limited BEML Limited Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited Bridge & Roof Company (India) Limited Central computer memory Corporation Central Coalfields Limited Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited Cochin Shipyard Limited Container Corporation of India Limited Dredging Corporation of India LimitedEngineers India Limited Ennore Port Limited Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited Goa Shipyard Limited Hindustan Copper Limited HLL Lifecare Limited Hindustan Newsprint Limited Hindustan Paper Corporation Limited Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited India Tourism Development Corporation Limited Indian Railway Catering & Tourism Corporation Limited IRCON International Limited KIOCL Limited Mazagaon Dock Limited Ma hanadi Coalfields Limited Manganese Ore (India) Limited Mangalore Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited MMTC Limited MSTC LimitedNational Fertilizers Limited National Seeds Corporation Limited NHPC Limited Northern Coalfields Limited Numaligarh Refinery Limited ONGC Videsh Limited Pawan Hans Helicopters Limited Projects & Development India Limited Railtel Corporation of India Limited Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited RITES Limited SJVN Limited Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited South Eastern Coalfields Limited State Trading Corporation of India Limited Telecommunications Consultants India Limited THDC India Limited Western Coalfields Limited WAPCOS Limited Miniratna Category-II CPSEsBharat Pumps & Compressors Limited Broadcast Engineering Consultants (I) Limited Central Mine Planning & Design implant Limited Ed. CIL (India) Limited Engineering Projects (India) Limited FCI Aravali Gypsum & Minerals India Limited Ferro Scrap Nigam Limited HMT (International) Limited HSCC (India) Limited India Trade Promotion Organisation Indian Medicines & Pharmaceuticals Corporation Limited M E C O N Limited National Film Development Corporation Limited National teensy-weensy Industries Corporation Limited P E C Limited Rajasthan Electronics & Instruments Limited

Economics Commentary

Economics Internal Assessment Writing a Commentary on News article Task 1 Headline pharmaceutical giant Paladol misjudge its market by raising the footing on its best-selling headache relaxation tablet. Price livelyity of demand (PED) is a measure out of the responsiveness or sensitivity of consumers to a heighten in the damage of a particular good. In this article, Paladol raised the price of its product, which was a mistake at that place are a lot of other medicines for a headache and most of them would be cheaper which is what Paladol should have considered before raising their price.PED= Percentage change in standard demandedPercentage change in price=%? QD%? P Cross-price elasticity of demand (XED) measures the responsiveness of consumers of a particular good to a change in the price of a related good, both complements and stockpiles. In this article, however, we ordain be focusing more on the substitute goods. XED= Percentage change in quantity of good APercentage ch ange in price of good B=%? QA%? PB Substitute goods are goods or products that one might easily use in place of other because theyre so similar, an extend in the price of one may lead consumers to switch consumption to the substitute.The substitution effect (which underlies the law of demand) states that as the price of a good decreases, consumers switch from other goods to this good because its price is comparatively lower. As the price of Paladol increases we can see the substitute effect, people switching from Paladol which is high-priced to Tylonel, for example because its price is still the same which is cheaper than Paladol. Demand is a curve showing the various amounts of a product consumers want and can purchase at differentpricesduring a specific period of time.When Paladol increased its price for a particular headache relief medicine, consumers responded by decreasing their purchase of that expensive product, which fall the quantity demanded a movement up and left on the demand curve. Consumers will now demand another good that is cheaper, a substitute, for example tylonel. chart A represents Paladol. As the price increase for the product the supply decreases (a shift of the supply curve to the left) because the producers want to make more profit and increase their match revenue.However, the demand is slowly decreasing for Paladol as people realize that there are cheaper headache relief medicines a movement up and left along the demand curve as was mentioned earlier. So, consumers start switching to substitute goods. Graph B represents Tylonel (a substitute good for Paladol). As the demand for Paladol decreases, the demand for tylonel starts increasing a shift of the demand curve to the right. This happens as its less costly for consumers.The total revenue for Paladol will definitely decrease due to the decrease in quantity purchased and that will also decrease their profit as the cost is now more than the sales. However, the total revenue for Tylonel will now increase in response to the decrease in Paladols decrease of quantity demanded. Paladol misjudged their market by thinking it has a relatively inelastic demand and that if they increased their prices a little it wont change the quantity demanded by much.A firm producing at a quantity and price combination along the inelastic hightail it of its demand curve can always benefit by reducing its output and increasing its price, since consumers will be relatively unresponsive and total revenues will therefore increasethat didnt work well with Paladol. As their demand wasnt inelastic, that plan couldnt work out for them. They had a relatively elastic demand and one of the reasons of why they have an elastic demand is that they have a lot of substitute goods and competition in that particular good (headache relief medicines are very common).As a result of this misjudgment make by them, the quantity demanded decreased and caused a decrease in the total revenue and profit m ade by Paladol as well. Due to their bad decision, Paladol will certainly suffer a loss which is a decrease in total revenue. However, their competition (firm of substitute goods) will gain more consumers thus increasing their total revenue. The consumers wont suffer or in other words they wont be affected by Paladols decision to raise their price as they will have many substitutes to choose from.As Paladol is producing at an output and price combination along the elastic range, the firm could benefit if they change their prices again, this time by lowering them since consumers are relatively price sensitive and the percentage increase in quantity sold will exceeded the percentage decrease in price, improving the firms revenue figures and giving Paladol a competitive benefit over the market of headache medicines once again.

Energy Sources and Alternative Energy Essay

Experiment 1 The Effects of Coal Mining plank 1 pH of Water SamplesWater SampleInitial pHFinal pH (24-48 hours)Pyrite55Activated Carbon57Water55POST LAB QUESTIONS1. Develop hypotheses predicting the effect of pyrite and combust on the acidity of body of water?a. Pyrite venture = If pyrite is added to water, it will make the water more acidic. b. Coal surmise = If the activated carbon is added to the water, it will make the water more acidic.2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or behave each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.a. Pyrite hypothesis accept/reject = The hypothesis was rejected as no change occurred in pH levels after testing the sample with a pH strip b. Coal hypothesis accept/reject = The hypothesis was rejected as the pH level rosefrom 5 to 7 after testing the sample with a pH strip, which would refer a rise in alkalinity.3. Based on your entropy, what effect do you predict coal mining has on the e nvironment?Answer = Based upon the data collected, there does seem to be a small effect on the environment, however, based upon knowledge of the subject, coal mining can and does have a fundamental adverse effect on the environment.4. What can be done to prevent mine drainage from damaging the ecosystem? Utilize at least one profound resource to support your suggestions.Answer = Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the more serious environmental problems in the mining industry. AMD is the major pollutant of surface water in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States (US EPA, 2006). The formation of AMD is a very complex chemical and microbial process, and usually occurs where deep excavations, such as those associated with coal mining, expose unweathered pyritic materials. Water contaminated by AMD on permitted sites where mining has occurred must be treated to re imprint dissolved metals and raise pH. Millions of dollars are washed-out to treat this water and the interaction of these metals with each other and their removal from water are important areas of study (US EPA 2006). Water is the basic transport for contaminants, and consequently some measures at limiting acid formation use migration control and are concerned with the control of water flow (EPA 2006). To help out local ecosystems, water entry into the site of acid formation may be controlled by 1. Diversion of surface water flowing towards the site of pollution 2. Prevention of groundwater percolation into the pollution site 3. Prevention of hydrological water seepage into the affected areas and 4. Controlled placement of acid-generating waste. (EPA 2006).Experiment 2 Solar nixTable 2 Solar Energy Experiment ResultsEnvironmental Descriptor/VariableObservations(Each should be compared against cultivate subnlight)Weather of the DayMostly Sunny with some cloudsMotor speed in direct sunlight real FastMotor speed at 45 degree slant truly FastMotor speed under reflectorsVery FastMotor speed with 25% shadedVery FastMotor speed with 50% shadedMedium to fastMotor speed with 75% shadedVery SlowMotor speed under red filtrationFastMotor speed under blue filtrationFastMotor speed under super C filtrationFastMotor speed under yellow filtrationFastPost-Lab Questions1. Develop hypotheses predicting the efficiency of solar energy from direct sunlight against the 4 variables tested? devise vs confirming hypothesis = If exposed to direct sunlight, the motor will move fast than indirectly exposed Direct vs reflected hypothesis = If exposed to reflected sunlight, in rundown to direct sunlight, the motor will move faster than only exposed directly Direct vs shaded hypothesis =Upon shading the solar plug-in, the more than panel is shaded, the dilatory themotor will move (EX. At 25% shaded the motor will go slower than completely exposed-medium, at 50% shaded, the motor will go slow, at 75% shaded the motor will go very slow Direct vs filtered hypothesis = Upon filtering the motor with the different shades of cellophane, the motor will go slower2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept each hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this.Direct vs indirect accept/reject =Rejected. The motor was just as fast when the solar panel was set up at a 45 degree angle Direct vs reflected accept/reject = Accepted. When the foil was reflected at the solar panel, the motor move faster. Direct vs shaded accept/reject = At 25% shading-Rejected-The motor moved just as fast as when the solar panel was completely exposed to sunlight. At 50%-Accepted-The motor moved slower than when the solar panel was completely exposed to sunlight (speed medium to fast) At 75%-Accepted-The motor moved very slow compared to when the solar panel was completely exposed to sunlight (Very slow) Direct vs filtered accept/reject = Rejected-Upon being covered by the red, yellow, green, and blue cellophane, the motor moved the same as in direct su nlight3. Does improver exposure to the suns light produce more current? Explain how you know this based on your data.Answer = YES. The more exposure the solar panel had to the sun, the faster the motor moved. Through a variety of trials with the solar panel and exposure to the sun, it was determined that the more exposure the solar panel had, the faster the motor moved.4. How could you increase the electricity generated by a solar cell during the day, when the suns angle is constantly changing?Answer = One could increase the electricity generated by a solar cell during the day while the suns angle was constantly changing would be either to move the panels (use ones that can be adjusted) to coincide with the movement of the sun, use adjustable mirrors or other reflective devices toreflect directly on the solar cells, or both(prenominal) of these options.5. Based on your data, could adding filters to solar panels increase the solar energy produced? Explain how you know this.Answer = Upon the data I collected, none of the filters actually INCREASED the pith of solar energy produced, so I would say no.References.Acid Mine Drainage. (2006). EPA. Retrieved August 2, 2013, from http//water.epa.gov/polwaste/nps/acid_mine.cfm

Examination of the Role of Evolution Theory Essay

In this paper I lead briefly diagnose the evolutionary theory in general, and specifically as it relates to the study of criminology. I provide examine the ways in which indispensable natural selection has shaped the processes which motivate tender-hearted conduct, especially in cost of how competing for limited resources and ensuring that ones genetic code is passed on atomic number 18 linked to aggressive air. Two disgusts of which I piddle personal knowledge will be evaluated, with emphasis placed on the ways in which evolutionary theory may account for the aspects of criminal behavior in each. Finally, I will reflect on the ways in which evolutionary theory may help further our understanding of the causes and predictors of criminal behavior and whether it should become a cin one casentre of a practitioners efforts to help prevent hatred and undertake recidivism on an individual and computer programmematic level.Evolutionary theory is the study of the ways in which human behavior has been shaped over the history of the development of our species through the process of natural selection. Since human behavior includes criminal behavior, the study of evolutionary theory rout out he helpful in our understanding of the causes of crime. Evolutionary theory seeks to better understand and possibly predict todays criminal behavior by examining the history of humans as a species to determine the root source of aggressive and violent behavior.Natural selection is the process by which certain naturally-occurring adaptations cast passed on from generation to generation because they provide some(a) advantage to survival and reproduction (reproductive success). Simply stated, if one of our ancestors has a genetic trait that makes him or her more likely to survive, mate, and reproduce in a harsh social and physical climate, this trait will be railcarried on to his or her children. While on the early(a) hand, an individual deficiencying this trait will b e less likely to reproduce and pass his or her traits on to the next generation. Over time, the gene traits that are favorable to survival and reproduction continue to pass from one generation to the next, to eventually be present in modern man. This is survival of the fittest, that the most genetically fit individuals are the ones who survive and pass their gene pool on to the next generation through sexual reproduction.Evolution through natural selection is a slow process, however, and the environment can change much more quickly than the evolutionary process. This means that the adaptations which increased likelihood of survival and reproduction in our ancestral environment thousands of years ago do non necessarily help us to do so today. Neanderthals did not have access to supermarkets, match.com, or central heating. Modern man does have access to plentiful resources, but our brains have not had the time to catch up.In fact, these traits that once helped keep us alive as indivi duals and as a species can be harmful in our current environment, which is fundamentally different than the environment in which these drives were formed. In his seminal book, On Aggression (1966), Konrad Lorenz posited that aggressive behavior is inherited to help an individual to protect scarce resources, such as mates and victuals (Lorenz, 1966). Whereas aggression may have do it more likely that you would successfully compete for food and mates in our distant past, it now leads more oft to what is considered antisocial and criminal behavior.The two crimes that I will discuss today were carried out by offenders with whom I have worked directly, which provides me with some unique brainwave into the situations, backgrounds, and mental mindsets of the actors involved. Last spring, Joe stabbed his young lady of 5 years multiple times in the face, chest, and neck. His girlfriend, Donna, sustained multiple life-threatening injuries requiring emergency surgeries and were nearly fa tal. If not for the quick solvent by first responders and the effective interventions of ER staff and doctors, this crime would be classified as a murder. Donna had filed a protection-from-abuse order a year forrader the assault, after Joe confronted and assaulted her for believing that she had been sleeping with another man. This order was broken several times before the stabbing took place, but Joe was quickly released each time.In my opinion, an evolutionary theorist would say that this act of violence was motivated by the fear of losing ones mate, and therefore his means by which to reproduce. If this had occurred in our ancestral environment, the penury may have been more necessary as males would be competing for a limited number of female mates, but this is certainly not the case today. some(prenominal) other facts about Joe are that he was diagnosed with bi-polar disorder and was not medicated because he could not afford his prescriptions. He had dropped out of school in 10th grade, passing him limited employment opportunities, he was an active substance dependant, and he was raised in a single-parent household after his mother died in a car accident when he was 7.Joes father left his other son (Joes brother), who was only four years older, to take on the majority of Joes upbringing from this point on. In my opinion, even though Joe may have had an innate drive to protect what he recalld to be a threat to his mate, it was the lack of protective forces and the presence of a combination of criminogenic risk factors, across multiple disciplines, which led to his criminal behavior. Evolutionary theory might have been able to describe why some of the mechanisms by which Joes aggressiveness developed, but it could not account for the crime itself because everyone is born with these same innate aggressive mechanisms.The second crime I will describe was an assault carried out by members of rival gangs in a dispute over a female and rights to prime drug-s elling territory. Desmond is a member of the CRIPs gang and is involved in selling cocaine and marijuana in Northeastern PA. He has a prior record of three obstinacy of a Controlled Substance with Intent to Deliver charges, two convictions for Assault, and was currently on probation. One day during the summer, he came home to his apartments at the Sherman Hills development to find his girlfriend talking with a member of a rival gang, the Bloods, whom she claimed to know from elementary school. The Bloods are also involved in selling drugs in this area, and both gangs very much feud over how the territory should be broken up, but this area was clearly marked as belonging to the CRIPs. Desmond confronted the man, and after he claimed that he was disrespected, fudge him up and smashed his head on the curb with his foot.Evolution theorists would state that the motivations involved in this crime would be hatred between rivals (unrelated acquaintances) based on competition for limited materials and intangible resources like social position and respect (Daly & Wilson, 1997). The resources in this case being exclusive access to the money to be made in an area with a high concentration of consumers. The other environmental factors at play here are the perceived threat to Desmonds girlfriend, or mate, who is the means by which his gene pool will be passed on. In addition, Desmond gave as reasoning for his crime the fact that he had been disrespected and had to reassert his social status through a violent reaction.Although I believe all of these evolutionary motivations to be valid, I dont believe that it was innate drive altogether which led to this crime. Anyone who is in a situation where he feels disrespected becomes angry, but not everyone responds by causing permanent damage to the offenders facial nerves. As Bartol & Bartol state, there is little evidence to justify portraying humans as innately dangerous and brutal or as controlled by instinct (Bartol, 2011, p. 116). I believe that it was the presence and interplay of a number of criminogenic risk factors which decided whether this interaction would end with words or fists.In this case, the risk factors with the most influence on behavior were low socioeconomic status, lack of a pro-social peer group, lack of access to gainful employment opportunities, and antisocial attitudes and beliefs, among others. There were the difference between how you or I would have reacted and how a gang member reacts. If these risk factors were mitigated by programs initiated to reduce Desmonds criminogenic risk and to provide him with access to protective factors, the crime most likely could have been avoided. There would be no way, however, to change his innate biological drives, developed over thousands of years of evolution, because these drives are static.I believe that evolutionary theory can help us better understand how and why the physiology and functioning of the brain developed the way it did th rough the process of natural selection. I also believe that this can be useful to our investigation of the minds structure and operations (Daly & Wilson, 1997). This knowledge can help us look for explanations for why some individuals engage in criminal behavior and to better understand the mechanisms by which this behavior occurs which can give us insight into developing more effective interventions (Ward & Durant, 2011). I think that the evolutionary theory can help us to understand macro-criminality, but I do not believe that this understanding can help us nearly as much in our search for the causes and predictors of crime on an individual level. Working to reduce an individual offenders risk of recidivating requires a careful analysis of what factors led him or her to lack the ability to control these innate drives and an intervention program to help them to learn to do so.Every person alive today has been shaped by the same evolutionary process, so what are the factors that lea d some individuals to be able to keep these drives in check and make rational decisions turn others give in to their primal desires and engage in criminal behavior? I believe that the answer to this question is that individuals who engage in criminal behavior are exposed to some combination of biological, sociological, and physiological criminogenic risk factors while lacking the presence of protective factors which may have neutralized these risks.On these factors is where I believe we should be focusing our efforts and studies. Daly & Wilson state that the insights into the workings of criminal behavior should not be viewed as alternatives to sociological and mental analysis, but as complementary components of a more complete understanding (Daly & Wilson, 1997) In this way, I believe evolutionary theory can give us insight into the how and the why of criminal behavior, but I believe we should be looking more well at the who, where, and when.ReferencesLorenz, K. (1966). On aggre ssion. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Daly, M. & Wilson, M. (1997). Crime and conflict Homicide in evolutionary psychological perspective. Crime & Justice, 22, 51100. Bartol, C. R., & Bartol, A. M. (2011). Criminal behavior a psychological approach. Upper Saddle River Prentice Hall. Ward, T. & Durrant, R. (2011). Evolutionary behavioral science and crime Aetiological and intervention implications. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 16, 193-201.

Education Theory Essay

slope Language Learner (ELL), side as scrap Language (ESL), and English as Foreign Language (EFL) atomic number 18 the teaching and information strategies of English style for students whose first speech communication other than nomenclature. The complexities and technicalities of English Language often confuse students having non-English background and especially those who await in non-English speaking countries (Ferris and Hedgcock, 1998). ELL, ESL, EFL and similar courses be designed to help students to enroot themselves in the basics and essentials of English from beginning. wideness of ELL Globalization has seen English becoming the language with maximum reach and influence, and it is taught in umpteen nations as the import language. With English becoming the international language of commerce, business, law, technology and medicine, it is has become an essential career and communication tool. Estimates are that around 1. 5 billion people around the world, out of whi ch more than 70 percent are non-native speakers of English, use English as a language of communication (Ferris and Hedgcock, 1998).In consequence there are host of full-fledged academies and dedicated institutions in many non English-speaking countries that design curriculum and try to bring most appropriate course material to impart English communication skills to students (Gass and Schachter, 1996). On a collateral and more immediate level, there is a continuous influx of distant nationals in regular army and many of them lack formal communication training in English.The foreign nationals and students, who come to USA in thousands every(prenominal) year, share a combined language background of more than 1000 languages. The individual background of foreign nations s acts as a hindrance in their amalgamation with their immediate surrounding and culture, and presents the image of USA as an alien nation (Messerschmitt Vandrick and Hafernik, 1996). This obviously requires designin g a comprehensive and all assimilating learning procedure that can act as cultural and linguistic melting pot.In this respect ELL assumes a very important role, providing a crucial cross over opportunity to foreign students, imparting the necessary communication learning and teaching that is essential for their survival in the generally English surrounding (Messerschmitt Vandrick and Hafernik, 1996). Theories in ELL designing more or less of the students passing through traditional ELL courses seduce reported difficulty in echt understanding of content and implications of English language when they face it in the real life situation.In this perspective, researchers have theorized that by observing the model of English education imparted in native English speaking countries and good example the ELL courses on those parameters (Messerschmitt Vandrick and Hafernik, 1996). The most prevalent and popular pedagogy model observed for native students showed that students were required to domain novels, short stories, literature work, and were required to devote their time to writing.The formal schooling requires students to get well sexual in descriptive, narrative, argumentative and imaginative style of writing (Gass and Schachter, 1996). These models also required students to undertake discussion and expositions on the literature material they covered during the course along with developing their own text, expressing their own ideas and reviewing and analyzing other works.Most of the major educational institutions have started following this process-oriented approach in language education that makes learning of language as a non-directional endeavor, enabling students to develop their inner thinker and writer and empowering them to imbibe, rather than learn, English language (Ferris and Hedgcock, 1998). Since 1980s, researchers have found that ELL methods succeeded mostly for students who were encouraged to develop a cognitive and create approach towards Engl ish through the process of writing (Messerschmitt Vandrick and Hafernik, 1996).Writing helps students to think originally, compose ideas in a logical way, imparting the essential communication strategies to students and enable them to develop a reflective intuition on interpretation of English text and language. There are a number of additional studies and researches to prove that learning strategies that are base on the model of primary education techniques have been successful in creating the most effective find of models (Gass and Schachter, 1996).

Macbeth †Closing Address to the Jury, Prosecution. Essay

Good morrow esteemed lords and ladies of the dally, it is within my sorrows to tell you that our dreadful thane (of both Glamis and Cawdor) and King Macbeth has murdered our fair (late) King Duncan for his own traitorous and greedy purposes. Macbeth has betrayed his country and committed regicide, the highest form of sacrilege. The prosecution has found Macbeth guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, with several accounts of murder, manslaughter, try murder, iodine account of regicide and conspiring to murder. (accessory to murder) Macbeth is a murderous heathen, whom want to heighten himself to the rank of King by betraying the country (already state this), his King and god. An earlier witness one of Macbeths Loyal servants, (the gentle woman) stated that he had comprehend Macbeth whispering I go, and it is done. The bell invites me. Hear it non, Duncan, for it is a knell that summons thee to heaven or to hell. ostensibly scared of Macbeths murderous mind, the servant stayed qui et until now. There were more witnesses as of yesterday, as a cutthroat hired by Macbeth told the jury of the atrocities he had performed, before being dragged off to be executed. To abduce the murderer said Macbeth threatened me with a certain death if I were to betray him.That was just a shimmer of the murderer within him. The prosecution would also like to point out that straight aft(prenominal) Duncans body was found, Macbeth killed the two intoxicated guards, blaming these poor innocent men for the murder, and also dispatching of two workable witnesses. Macbeth did also state O, yet I do repent me of my fury, that I did kill them. In stating them, Macbeth could acquit been referring to both the murdered slaves and our fair King Duncan. Macbeth also insinuated that the drunken guards murdered Duncan in his sleep, but if you feeling and think, and I am sure you are all intelligent Lords and Ladies, a drunken guard cannot violate more than a fly (people who are drunk are mor e likely to become precise aggressive), as they would not be able to stand.In an earlier testimony, we called upon Lady Macbeth, who, when confronted with the evidence and questioning, cracked low pressure and confessed her hand in murdering Duncan. Lady Macbeth acknowledged Macbeth and herself plotting to murder Duncan, Banquo, and MacDuffs wife and children. Macbeth also attempted to murder Fleance and MacDuff. A servant came forth and stated that Lady Macbeth had whispered to Macbeth Infirm of purpose furnish me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead, are but as pictures. Tis the eye of childhood, that fears a painted devil. If he do bleed, Ill gild the faces of the grooms withal, For it must seem their guilt. Lady Macbeth obviously did not know she was whispering loud passable for the Servant to hear. Unfortunately, Lady Macbeth has passed away now, ta tycoon her life before more answers arose.The defence earlier time-tested to state Macbeth was acting under the influence o f three evil witches. They stated that the witches had told him All hail, Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter According to the defence, this justifies treason, heresy, murder and plotting against the crown. The court was lucky (luck is not a part of their nature) enough to live one of the beldames (Weird Sisters and they dont listen to petty human demands and/or requests) in the room, whom stated that Macbeth sought to murder King Duncan on his own accord we witches merely stated he would be King. The Witch denied fuelling Macbeths murderous tendencies.MacDuff, slayer of the late Macbeth, retold the account of his familys murder, which was issued by Macbeth. He stated to the court that his wife and son were in the midst of talking when a murderer ( he wasnt at that place when they were murdered he had heard news of it but never witnessed it ), sent by Macbeth shook the home by declaring that he was a traitor. He stated that his son, a brave young lad, meant to protect his vex s name. His honourable son screeched at the Murderer, Thou liest, thou shag-eared villain This was followed by a black stab to his son, in which Lady MacDuff ran, shouting murder. The villainous murderer sought after Lady MacDuff, who could not outrun the murderous lunatic. MacDuff was severely shaken during this testimony, for reasons obvious to the court.He also recounted the end of Macbeth, in affirming I held his head I held the headof the treacherous king. I had to do it he slaughtered my family, my life I regret to say I enjoyed it, enjoyed taking back what he took from me. If this does not prove the guilt of Macbeth, I do not know what does. As the court can see, the mind inside of Macbeth was a sickening one, as he ordered the slaughter of innocent people, to secure his position as King. In all these inglorious acts, I believe it is in the interest of the court to say that Macbeth is guilty of multiple accounts of treason, murder, attempted murder, manslaughter, regicide a nd heresy. I thank you, esteemed lords and ladies, for your time in this period of turmoil. May King Duncan rest in peace, and the abominable Macbeth burn for his crimes.

A day without a mexican Essay

With the traceing of the treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, the brink dividing the Mexican people was formed. The Mexican border means various things to different people. To date, 600 miles of border w any has already been built. This wall would extend from California, to El Paso, to the valley. The first reason given by the brass for construction of the wall was to prevent terrorist attacks, the next was to keep culpable Mexicans out, and the most current one is to assault the drug smuggling into the United States.For some Mexicans and Mexican Americans, the border poses threats, and for others, it establishes possibilities for oneself and ones family. The border industrial enterprise program, which began the 1970s, increased significantly from its previous conditions. Migration to border t have gots became laid-backly prevalent. Border cities led to population growth and, simultaneously, high unemploy custodyt rates. In reaction, political sympathies official s started the maquilladora program. Maquillas (from the Spanish maquillar, to make up) argon the giant sweatshops of the global economy, where armies of poor women argon put to work to assemble goods for export.See more Unemployment problems and solutions essayThe supply of women is so great that these women are treated with no value. Border industrialization began to rise and power companies such as Samsung and RCA, as discernible in the movie, Maquilapolis (2006) by Vicky Funari and Sergio de la Torre, by always having lines of women ready and willing to work. Mexican government officials viewed the Maquiladora program in a positive light, claiming it to be an integral part of Mexicos strategy for development. 1 The movie depicts the maquiladora workers in Tijuana, Mexico to balance life working in these factories with their struggle for justice in the system that governs their place of work.This reiterates how machismo stirred gender relations in Mexico and how woman are dev alued. These maquiladoras are good because of the labor they give to Mexican citizens. However, its not fair for the low wages and cruelties taken on by the employees in these factories. insanitary and dangerous factory conditions pose threats to these womens lives each day. The women are looking for the means of life and survival. They caseful jobless times, so they are forced to find jobs in labor. Despite the conditions these women have been subjected to, they still keep on to remain hopeful.Senorita Extraviada (2001) is a documentary by Lourdes Portillo about the hundreds of unsolved murders of young women that have occurred over the historic 10 years in Juarez, Mexicothe Mexican border city across the Rio Grande from El Paso. The Coalition of non-government organizations (NGOs) for Women (1994-2000) was created by female activists their main aim behind the coalition was to change the cultural, sparing, and political context of gendered violence in the city. This coalition organized events such as marches, press conferences, and domestic and international press was prevalent.There were more challenges against this coalition it was the citys first ever cross-class womens political organization and the citys first feminist-oriented political coalition. An external attack began to form on the Coalition. numerous another(prenominal) elite political and economic leaders argued that the violence was normal for Juarez. They argued that many of these women knew what they were doingliving the doble vida (double life) as factory workers during the day and prostitutes by night. Many asserted it was a recycled discourse of female trouble.The notion of these public women mimicked the negative talk surrounding the prostitutes as women who contaminated all associated with her from family, community, and nation. A public woman was regarded as an illegitimate citizen. Government authorities use this as a way to dismiss the influx of crimes and blame the women for t he flush of violence in Juarez. Alejandro Lugo presents an analytic thinking of the social dimensions on the border from color hierarchies to the notions of borderlands.He suggests that border crossings are constituted by superintendence stations which inspect, monitor, and survey what goes in and out in the name of class, race, and nation. 2 He asserts that the term border crossings has puzzle an exceedingly hopeful phrase. Lugo further claims that people are, indeed, afraid to cross these borders. There are a a few(prenominal) reasons for that. Those who have legal residence in the U. S. , who are light-skinned, and those who speak English, cross borders without much concern.However, those are not American citizens, who are dark-skinned, and who dont speak English face tough circumstances. As Lugo suggests, man borderlands implies multiple sides, border implies two sides. 3 The division between the United States and Mexico is ever-present, separating those who are residents and those who aspire to live the American dream to better themselves and their family. Violence is being exercised against Mexicans at border crossings. The Border Patrol continues to isolate those who do not have legal residence and force these Mexicans back to where they supposedly belong. There is no in-between. As described by Lugo, many Border Patrol agents possess no acceptance for uncertainty. You must arise you belong or youre forced back to the other side. This border symbolizes such positive things for many hopefuls seeking freedom, work, opportunity, however, at the same time, is a complete, unwelcoming division. Color hierarchies exhibit this discrimination against many dark-skinned Mexicans who are forced out of the U. S. by their own Mexican American people along the border. The border transforms itself.As evident of this border transformation is the drug smuggling. In a recent article, Drug smugglers from Mexico move into NM town, the border town of Columbus, NM has seen an influx of fancy cars with nice rims and a boom in the lodgement market. Many of these drug smugglers have fled from Palomas, Mexico where the Mexican army had previously been stationed. According to some residents, such as Maria Gutierrez, The problem is in Palomas. Its serene here4 Many have refused to come to basis that crime is starting to flood their town.This also alludes to the border transformationnot just a sign of hope to those who seek to cross it, but, straightaway, a means of making big specie for some. The Columbus patrol department has faced its share of bad cops within the force, yet the new appointment of police chief, Angelo Vega, is meant to reconstitute things within the town. However, even some residents believe that it would be impossible for this town to survive without illegal money flowing in. Not only is violence witnessed between Mexicans and Mexican Americans, but also amongst Caucasians.Racial wickedness continues to exist to this day. Simi lar to the story of Esequiel Hernandez, the 18-year-old U. S. high school student killed on may 20, 1997 by Marines along the USMexico border in Redford, Texas, Luis Ramirez was recently murdered by two Anglo males in Pennsylvania. Ramirez, a 25-year-old illegal Mexican immigrant, was assaulted by a gang of drunken white teenagers motivated by a despise of the growing Hispanic population in their small coal town of Shenandoah. 5 Both the Marines and the two men accused of this crime were acquitted of all charges.These types of racial tensions exhibit the racial hierarchies in society. Many sheepish people can be set free just because of the color of their skin. In contrast, the story of the maquilladora program, the surge of violence along the border, gender relations, the influx of drug trading, and prevalence of racial tensions and color hierarchies amongst Mexicans and Mexican Americans all illustrate the dangers that face the border. These combinations of problems all make up the transformation of the border within the past some(prenominal) decades. It truly depicts the war of the frontiers.Many residents along the border, as in the town of Columbus are scrap to keep their town as it was by trying to rid the drug trafficking. Many Mexican Americans requisite a better life for their family, as well as, to not be treated inferiorly by their own people because of the color of their skin. As put by Salman Rushdie, By crossing those frontiers, conquering those terrors and reaching their goal, they themselves were now what they were looking for. They had become the god they sought. 6 For many this god, is the crossing at the border.For some, it leads to a life filled with promises and opportunities, and for others, bogus hopes and empty promises at their homeland are ever changing. The war of frontiers will continue to exist until the government does more to change how things are run along the controversial border. 1 Maria Patricia Fernandez-Kelly, Chapt er 2, in For We are Sold, I and My People Women and Industry in Mexicos Frontier, (Albany State University of New York Press, 1983), 35. 2 Alejandro Lugo, Theorizing Border inspections, Cultural Dynamics 123 (2000), 355. 3 Lugo, 359.4 Alicia Caldwell, Drug smugglers from Mexico move into NM town, Austin American-Statesman, May 1, 2009, http//www. statesman. com/search/content/shared-gen/ap/National/US_Drug_Smugglers_Town. html, accessed on May 1, 2009. 5 Michael Rubinkam, Luis Ramirez Killers Found Not Guilty After Beating Mexican Immigrant To Death, Huffington Post, May 2, 2009, http//www. huffingtonpost. com/2009/05/04/luis-ramirez-killers-foun_n_195535. html, accessed on May 4, 2009. 6 Salman Rushdie, Step Across This Line, in Step Across This Line Collected Nonfiction, 1992-2002, (New York The Modern Library, 2002), 351.